SpaceX's unmanned Dragon capsule was slated to arrive at the space station early today (March 2), but a thruster glitch on the spacecraft (which has since been fixed) delayed that plan to no earlier than Sunday, extending the spacecraft sighting opportunities for stargazers.
When the two spacecraft finally meet, the space station's robotic arm will grapple Dragon and attach it a connecting port. Both spacecraft will then appear as a single bright moving 'star,' weather permitting.
But while the two vehicles remain separated from each other, it will give ground observers an opportunity to watch the SpaceX Dragon capsule and the International Space Station visible as separate entities, appearing as moving lights sailing across the twilight sky.
Best views from Southern Hemisphere
The two-spaceship view of Dragon and the space station will only be accessible, however, to stargazers living in the tropics and south of the equator. For the United States, Canada, and Europe, the space station and the Dragon capsule will not be visible because they will be passing across the sky before sunset in the daytime sky. [Spotting Spaceships in the Night Sky (Photos)]
Across the Southern Hemisphere, however, the two space vehicles will be readily accessible depending on the location, either in the evening sky soon after sunset or in the morning sky just before sunrise.
The space station makes one full orbit of the Earth every 92.8 minutes at an average altitude of 259 miles (417 kilometers). As of early Saturday morning, Dragon led the space station by about 7 minutes and traveling in an orbit roughly 8 miles (12 km) lower than the station.
By Saturday evening and Sunday morning (March 3), Dragon will lead the station by just one to three minutes. That means that it might be possible to see both space vehicles in the sky at the same time. Dragon will appear first, followed a minute or three later by the Dragon capsule traveling along basically the same path.
How bright will Dragon be?
Most satellites become visible only when they are in sunlight and the observer is in deep twilight or darkness. This usually means shortly after dusk or before dawn.
Because of its size and the configuration of its highly reflective solar panels, the 430-ton space station is by far the brightest man-made object currently in orbit around Earth. On favorable passes, it can shine so bright that it rivals the planet Venus in brilliance, making the orbiting lab more than 25 times more luminous than Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky.
Some have even caught a glimpse of the International Space Station just prior to sunset or shortly after sunrise. And as a bonus, sunlight glinting directly off the solar panels can sometimes make the space appear to flare briefly to super-brilliance.
The SpaceX Dragon capsule, on the other hand, is much smaller than the station, measuring about 14.4 feet tall (4.4 meters) and 12 feet in diameter (3.7 m). With its solar panels fully extended, however, the vehicle measures 54 feet wide (16.5 m).
So Dragon will be much dimmer than the space station, perhaps appearing roughly as bright as a third-magnitude star - one that can be categorized as of moderate brightness. (As an example, Megrez, the star that joins the handle with the bowl of the Big Dipper star pattern, is a third-magnitude star.)
That would make the Dragon capsule about 1,500 times dimmer than the orbiting lab!
Generate a Sighting Schedule
So what is the viewing schedule for your particular hometown? You can easily find out by visiting one of these three web sites:
Each will ask for your zip code or city, and respond with a list of suggested spotting times. Predictions computed a few days ahead of time are usually accurate within a few minutes. However, they can change due to the slow decay of the space station's orbit and periodic reboosts to higher altitudes. Check frequently for updates.
Another great site is the Real Time Satellite Tracking website, which shows you at any given moment during the day or night over what part of Earth Dragon or the space station happen to be.
SpaceX launched the Dragon spacecraft Friday atop the company's Falcon 9 rocket to deliver 1,200 pounds (544 kilograms) of cargo and its support equipment to the International Space Station. The mission is SpaceX's third flight to the space station and the second of 12 cargo delivery runs by SpaceX under a $1.6 billion contract with NASA.
Editor's Note: If you take a great photo of SpaceX's Dragon capsule and the International Space Station, or any other night sky object that you'd like to share for a possible story or image gallery, send photos, comments and your name and location to managing editor Tariq Malik at spacephotos@space.com.
Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for The New York Times and other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, New York. This article was first published on SPACE.com.
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